A mole is similar to a term like a dozen. A mole simply represents Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10 23) of molecules. Given the equation above, we can tell the number of moles of reactants and products. The graphic below works to capture most of the concepts described above: For example, in the graphic below, the notation above and below the arrows shows that we need a chemical Fe 2O 3, a temperature of 1000° C, and a pressure of 500 atmospheres for this reaction to occur. This information, such as a value for temperature, shows what conditions need to be present for a reaction to occur. On some occasions, a variety of information will be written above or below the arrows. If no coefficient is shown, a one (1) is assumed. This amount can represent either the relative number of molecules, or the relative number of moles (described below). Finally, the (g) sign means that the compound is a gas.Ĭoefficients are used in all chemical equations to show the relative amounts of each substance present. The (aq) sign stands for aqueous in water and means the compound is dissolved in water. The (l) sign means the substance is a liquid. The (s) sign means that the compound is a solid. Often chemical equations are written showing the state that each substance is in. Since they undergo a chemical process, they are changed fundamentally.

The equation shows that the reactants (AgNO 3 and NaCl) react through some process (->) to form the products (AgCl and NaNO 3). In this equation, AgNO 3 is mixed with NaCl. For example:ĪgNO 3(aq) + NaCl(aq) -> AgCl(s) + NaNO 3(aq) You should have reviewed naming schemes, or nomenclature, in earlier readings.Ī chemical equation is an expression of a chemical process. We call chlorine 'chloride' in this case because of its connection to sodium. To represent a molecule of table salt, sodium chloride, we would use the notation 'NaCl', where 'Na' represents sodium and 'Cl' represents chlorine. For example, the symbol 'C'represents an atom of carbon, and 'H' represents an atom of hydrogen. Success in chemistry depends upon developing a strong familiarity with these basic symbols. In chemistry, we use symbols to represent the various chemicals. Given enough information, one can use stoichiometry to calculate masses, moles, and percents within a chemical equation. Stoichiometry is simply the math behind chemistry. Chemical Nomenclature(REQUIRED FOR CREDIT!).

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